Green Urbanization A Study Analyzing its Applicability for Sustainability and Growth in the Holy City of Karbala

Abstract

 Currently, the world is witnessing an increase in environmental pollution rates due to rapid urbanization and the numerous urban problems it generates in various sectors, including informal settlements, pressure on social services, poverty, urban crime, and environmental destruction. The trend has shifted towards adopting the principles of green urbanization and establishing a sustainable green urban infrastructure. The holy city of Karbala suffers from the dominance of old planning methods in addressing the challenges of rapid urbanization, which have multiple negative effects, depleting many natural environmental resources. Therefore, the research focuses on studying the key principles that can be applied, linking the rapid urbanization rates with the available natural potential without harming the ecosystem and ensuring its sustainability.

        By applying the principles of green urbanization to the study area, it is evident that most indicators are not being met. Hence, measures must be taken to address these issues and strive to achieve this strategy, transitioning towards green and sustainable urban cities. The research also concludes that the principles can be applied in the study area if a suitable health environment for the population is provided, along with efficient transportation systems and infrastructure supported by government, administrative, and legal measures regulating land use.